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General Information

Data Source:                          NTSB AVIATION ACCIDENT/INCIDENT DATABASE
   Report Number:                        CHI94LA316 
   Local Date:                           09/07/1994
   Local Time:                           11:24 CDT
   State:                                ND    
   City:                                 GRAND FORKS                        
   Airport Name:                                                  
   Airport Id:                                 
   Event Type:                           ACCIDENT
   Injury Severity:                      NONE   
   Report Status:                        FINAL      
   Mid Air Collision:                    NO 

Operations Information

Category of Operation:                GENERAL AVIATION       
   Aircraft Type:                        HELICOPTER     
   Aircraft Damage:                      SUBSTANTIAL      
   Phase of Flight:                      570 LANDING                                           
   Aircraft Make/Model:                                                  
   Operator Doing Business As:                                         
   Operator Name:                                                      
   Operator Code:                            
   Operator:                                                                       
   Owner Name:                           UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA    

Narrative

THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR (CFI) REPORTED HE AND THE STUDENT PILOT WERE 
   PRACTICING SIMULATED EMERGENCY AUTOROTATIONS TO A POWER RECOVERY. 
   DURING THE ACCIDENT AUTOROTATION, THE CFI SA ID HE ADJUSTED THE POWER 
   TO 3100 RPM AND THEN TOLD THE STUDENT TO RECOVER. THE CFI NOTICED THAT 
   THE HELICOPTER'S DE SCENT HAD NOT BEEN ARRESTED, AND HE JOINED THE 
   STUDENT ON THE CONTROLS. THE CFI WAS ATTEMPTING TO AUTOROTATE WHEN THE 
   HELICOPTER LANDED HARD. POSTACCIDENT INSPECTION OF THE HELICOPTER AND 
   ITS ENGINE DISCOVERED NO EVIDENCE OF PREIMPACT MECHANICAL ANOMALIES.

Sequence of Events

Occurrence #: 1  200 HARD LANDING
   Phase of Operation: 571 LANDING - FLARE/TOUCHDOWN

           Findings
           Subject - Modifier - Personnel Cause/Factor

   1b.   24545(S) - 3141(M) - 4103(P)
         EMERGENCY PROCEDURE - SIMULATED - PILOT IN COMMAND (CFI)
   2b.   24520(S) - 3109(M) - 4101(P)  Factor
         AUTOROTATION - IMPROPER - DUAL STUDENT
   3b.   24542(S) - 3104(M) - 4103(P)  Cause
         REMEDIAL ACTION - DELAYED - PILOT IN COMMAND (CFI)

Probable Cause

THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND'S (CFI) DELAYED RECOVERY FROM A PRACTICE 
   AUTOROTATION.  A FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCIDENT WAS THE STUDENT 
   PILOT'S IMPROPER AUTOROTATION.

Aircraft Information

Number of Seats:                      2  
   Aircraft Use:                         INSTRUCTIONAL      
   Type of Operation:                    14 CFR 91 
   Domestic/International:                            
   Passenger/Cargo:                                        
   Registration Number:                  61245 
   Air Carrier Operating Certificates:   ON-DEMAND AIR TAXI
   Aircraft Fire:                        NONE

                  Injuries
          Fatal  Serious  Minor  None
   Crew      0       0       0      2
   Pass      0       0       0      0
   Other     0       0       0      0
   Invlvd    0       0       0      2

   Landing Gear:                         SKID
   Certificated Maximum Gross Weight:    2050
   Engine Make:                          LYCOMING     
   Engine Model:                         HIO-360-DIA  
   Number of Engines:                    1 
   Engine Type:                          RECIPROCATING-FUEL INJECTED 

Environment/Operations Information

Basic Weather Conditions:             VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (VMC)  
   Wind Direction (deg):                 360
   Wind Speed (knots):                   7
   Visibility (sm):                      15
   Visibility RVR (ft):                  0
   Visibility RVV (sm):                  0
   Cloud Height Above Ground Level (ft): 0
   Visibility Restrictions:              NONE
   Precipitation Type:                   NONE
   Light Condition:                      DAYLIGHT
   Departure Airport Id:                 GFK 
   Departure City:                       
   Departure State:                      NE
   Destination Airport Id:                   
   Destination City:                     
   Destination State:                      
   Flight Plan Filed:                    COMPANY (VFR)
   ATC Clearance:                        NONE
   VFR Approach/Landing:                 SIMULATED FORCED LANDING
   Event Location:                       OFF AIRPORT/AIRSTRIP

Pilot-in-Command

Certificates:                         COMMERCIAL, FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR
   Ratings:
     Plane:                              SINGLE ENGINE LAND, MULTIENGINE LAND
     Non-Plane:                          HELICOPTER
     Instrument:                         AIRPLANE, HELICOPTER
   Had Current BFR:                      YES
   Months Since Last BFR:                7  
   Medical Certificate:                  CLASS 2
   Medical Certificate Validity:         VALID MEDICAL-NO WAIVERS/LIMITATIONS

              Flight Time (Hours)
   Total       :   2400  Last 24 Hrs :    2
   Make/Model  :    310  Last 30 Days:   63
   Instrument  :    197  Last 90 Days:  148
   Multi-Engine:    150  Rotorcraft  : 1300